Exhaust tail pipe insert/emissions filter

ABSTRACT

An exhaust tailpipe/emissions filter employs a reusable/replaceable insert and is configured to slide into and/or onto the exhaust tailpipe of the automobile to reduce air pollution.

This application claims priority as a continuation in part to U.S. Ser.No. 15/769,583, filed on Apr. 19, 2018, which is a 371 application ofPCT/US2015/00124, filed Oct. 20, 2015, which are each incorporated byreference herein in their entirety.

The present disclosure relates to an emissions exhaust filtering system.The system is a reusable, recyclable, high heat resistant/tolerable,inter-exchangeable, interconnecting, emissions filtering system insert,designed primarily to filter out the toxins of the exhaust emissionsthrough the tail pipe of any on or off-road engines, including but notlimited to automobiles, but also available for industrial/commercialuse, in the prevention and reduction of Unfixed Nitrogen (NOX) andCarbon Dioxide (CO2) air pollutants. The exhaust tailpipe/emissionsfilter employs a reusable/replaceable insert and is configured to slideinto and/or onto the exhaust tailpipe of an automobile to reduce airpollution, starting with the troposphere.

Custom made to fit the exhaust of any/all on or off-road engines of anymake or model; The unique filtering formula of the system includescomponents of reusable and/or disposable, interconnecting andexchangeable sections. Each connecting filter section contains its ownspecialized filtering design, creating different stages, resulting in aneffective filtering process. The different stages of the filteringprocess (formula applied) are also designed to maximize the exhaust tailpipe air flow system, preventing blockage.

FIG. 1 is a transparent section view of an example emissions exhaustfiltering system inserted inside an exhaust pipe in accordance with afirst design.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view like FIG. 1; with the 3 filtering componentsconnected. The sectionals can come in any length shape or size and thesystem can be made to one filter, without cap, rather than 3.

FIG. 3 is a section view of the cone filter of the system of FIG. 1; allfilters and caps designed with option of threaded, magnetic, and/or turnlock connection points on the top and bottom

FIG. 4 is a section view of the sphere filtering housing/capsule of thesystem of FIG. 1, which may aid in the creation of turbulent flow.

FIG. 5 is a section view of the grid filter of the system of FIG. 1,which may aid in the creation of laminar flow.

FIG. 6 is a view of the magnetic filter cap of the system of FIG. 1;designed with short sleeve

FIG. 7 is a view of a magnetic filter cap with extended sleeve inaccordance with a second design of an example emissions exhaustfiltering system; designed with short expansion sleeve

FIG. 8 is a section view of an example emissions exhaust filteringsystem with a cone cap, inserted inside an exhaust pipe in accordancewith disclosed embodiments

FIG. 9 is an exploded view like FIG. 8; with connecting thread shown andsectionals connected

FIG. 10 is a section view of an example emissions exhaust filteringsystem installed in an exhaust pipe in accordance with disclosedembodiments; with a flat cap displayed.

FIG. 11 is an exploded view like FIG. 10; with threads shown anddifferent perspective of flat cap.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a filter section in accordance withdisclosed embodiments.

FIG. 13 is front view of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view of a transitional flowfilter sectionin accordance with disclosed embodiments; revealing a special engineeredsphere filtering capsule, wash coats on top and bottom of filter, andinternal wall layered in foam.

FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of a filter section in accordance withdisclosed embodiments; displaying nitrogen fixing bacteria, chemicalsubstance, water, semi-permeable membranes, metal, foam, wash coat,fiber entwined screen, and circular air passage.

FIG. 16A is a cross sectional view of a laminar flow filter section inaccordance with disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 16B is a detail view of FIG. 16A.

FIG. 17 is a top view of a conical turbulent flow filter section inaccordance with disclosed embodiments; displaying a wash coat/screenmid-level, with top wash coat screen removed for perspective

FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view of the turbulent flow conical filtersection of FIG. 17; revealing the top, mid-level, and bottomwash-coat/screen, with voids in between each cone to allow some laminarair flow.

FIGS. 19 and 20 show perspective views in accordance with disclosedembodiments,

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view in accordance with disclosedembodiments,

FIG. 21 shows a filter cap in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.

Refer now to FIGS. 1 and 2, there being shown a 3 component emissionsexhaust filtering system, generally referred to by reference numeral 10,in accordance with a first design. The system 10 is a reusable,recyclable, heat resistant/tolerant, inter-exchangeable,interconnecting, emissions filtering system/insert, designed primarilyto filter out the toxins of the exhaust emissions through the tail pipe50 of any on or off-road engine, including but not limited toautomobiles, but also available for industrial/commercial use, in theprevention/reduction of air pollution. The exhaust tailpipe/emissionsfilter employs a reusable/replaceable insert and is configured to slideinto and/or onto the exhaust tailpipe 50 of any on or off road engine,including but not limited to automobiles to reduce air pollution.

The unique filtering formula of system 10 includes components ofreusable and/or disposable, interconnecting (at connection joints 26)and exchangeable sections. Each connecting filter 12, 14, 16, 20contains its own specialized filtering design, creating differentstages, resulting in an effective filtering process.

The cone filter section 12, also shown in FIG. 3, is stage or step one,designed to increase pressure and maximize air flow. The cone filter 12contains a cone shaped filter material 13. As shown by the exhaustemission flow arrows 2 in FIG. 1, some of the exhaust flows through thecone material and some of the exhaust flows out the narrow end of thecone. The exhaust then flows from filter 12 past connection joints 26into the sphere filter section 14.

The sphere filter section 14, also shown in FIG. 4, is stage or steptwo. The sphere filter 14 contains a sphere-shaped filter material 15.As shown by the exhaust emission flow arrows in FIG. 1, some of theexhaust flows around the sphere material. The grid filter section 16,also shown in FIG. 5, is stage or step three. The grid filter 16contains grid shaped filter material extending through it.

A magnetic filter bubble eye cap with a special absorbent/fabric in eachhole 20, also shown in FIG. 6, is the final filtering stage 4. The cap20 is attached to the filtering inter-exchangeable sections (stages 1through 3). As shown by the exhaust emission flow arrows in FIG. 1, theexhaust flows through the filter sections to exit from the filter cap20. The filter cap 20 is designed with small magnetic clamps 23, 22 thatattach onto the inside 52 and outside 54 of the exhaust tailpipe 50.However, it should be noted that an external tailpipe gripping thumbscrew may also be used in lieu of or in addition to small magneticclamps 23, 22.

The system 10 is shown in FIG. 1 fully assembled and inserted inside ofthe exhaust tail pipe 50 in a full filtering formula. The heatresistant/tolerable tail pipe filter/insert 10 slides up into theexhaust tail pipe 50, excluding the sleeve 22 & 32 in FIG. 7. FIG. 2 isan exploded view showing the tail pipe 50, the filter stages one throughthree (sections 12, 14, 16) attached, and the stage four magnetic filtercap 20.?

FIG. 7 is a view of an alternate stage four magnetic filter cap 30 thatincludes extended magnetic bars 32 forming tailpipe sleeve 32 for designtwo of the filter. The design two is a heat resistant/tolerable tailpipesleeve that slides onto and around the exhaust tail pipe, with a filterdesigned as a tail pipe insert. The filter is heat resistance/tolerablein compliance with federal regulations. The extended sleeve 32 fordesign two of the filter adds cosmetic value. Cosmetically, the exhausttail pipe sleeve 32 and the vent caps 20 and 30 may be colored, e.g.,metallic blue, green, platinum, gold, bronze and red. In both designsone and two, the environmentally friendly tail pipe filter is heatresistant and contains a uniquely designed exhaust multi-stage filteringcomponent configuration. The disposable filter sections are recyclable &reusable.

FIGS. 8-10 show alternative filter caps 30A and 30B, which may be usedsimilarly as filter cap 30 and, optionally, using extended magneticsleeve 32 (not shown) or shortened magnetic sleeve/clamps 22, and wherelike reference numeral connotate similar features. FIG. 8 shows aconically shaped filter cap 30A in which, what would be the tip of theconical shape, is absent and an open-ended hole 60 is defined to allowadditional exhaust through the center of the filter cap 30A withoutpassing through filter material 31. The conically shaped filter cap 30Aprovide the advantages of aiding the creation of turbulent flow whilemaximizing exhaust flow and, as a secondary consideration may havecosmetic benefits. FIG. 9 shows the filter cap 30A of FIG. 9 connectedto filter sections 12, 14, 16 and inserted into exhaust tail pipe 50,similarly to that of FIG. 1. Filter cap 30A can add to the turbulentflow of exhaust gasses to provide better gas/air flow.

FIGS. 10-11 shows a flat filter cap 30B which provide a lower profilethan that of filter cap 30 or 30A, which may be desirable when there isinsufficient space behind the exhaust tailpipe 50 for a larger filtercap, e.g., filter caps 30, 30A. In addition, the flat filter cap 30Bwill aid in the process of laminar air flow.

FIGS. 12-13 will be discussed with reference to cone filter section 12,However, it should be noted that the features of FIGS. 12-13 are equallyapplicable and optional for any of the filter sections discussed herein.As discussed above each of the elements of filter system 10, including,filter sections 12,14,16, additional filter sections, discussed below,and filter caps 20, 30, 30A, 30B, may be joined at connection joints 26.Such connection joints 26 may be any known mechanical fastening meansknown in the art, for example, friction fit, magnetic, using opposingthreads. In the example shown in FIGS. 12-13, each of the filter sectionends 62, 63 includes a set of opposing threads, for example female orinner threads 64 on end 62 and male or outer threads 66 on end 63. Suchopposing threads 64,66 enable the filter sections to be interchanged andreplaced using the similar threads between the filter sections. In orderto minimize the likelihood that such threads will become undone duringoperation of vehicle and subsequent vibrations of the exhaust tail pipe50 (FIG. 2), thread sealant may be added to the threads 64, 66 prior toassembly. Optionally, the threads may be formed using other mechanicalmeans to prevent connected sections from unthreading, for examplelocking wedge ramps on the female threads 64 to minimize separation.Such wedge ramp threads are available under the Spiralock brand fromStanely and described athttps://www.stanleyengineeredfastening.com/brands/optiaispiralock (lastaccessed Oct. 28, 2020), the entirety of which is incorporated byreference herein. In use, and with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, one aremore filter sections and an endcap may be connected at connection joints26, for example, threaded together. An assembly of one are more filtersection may be threaded together prior to that assembly being threadedinto filter cap 30, 30A, 30B and then the entire system 10 may beinserted into the exhaust tail pipe 50.

With reference to FIGS. 12 and 13, additionally, in order to aid thetreatment of the exhaust vapors 2 as they proceed through the system 10,the filter section 12, as well as any other of the other filter sectionsdiscussed herein, may include a screen 68 in which the plane of thescreen is laid about orthogonal to the direction of flow of the exhaust.For example, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the 68 screen is across theopening at each end 62, 63 of filter section 12. FIG. 12 shows aperspective view of section filter section 12 and FIG. 13 shows a frontview of the filter section 12 shown in FIG. 13. The screen 68 may beretained by a mechanical feature, such an indention or retaining humpinside the filter section, or otherwise be friction fit. The screen 68or mesh size may be varied depending on the balance required for exhaustflow versus flow treatment. The screen 68 may include thereon awash-coat 70, which is a coating to react with one or more exhaustvapors. The screen may be formed of any suitable material, such as thosediscussed below, and may also include hollow polymeric fibers and/orother entwined fibers. The wash-coat 70 materials may include one aremore inorganic base metal oxides such as Al₂O₃ (aluminum oxide oralumina), SiO₂, TiO₂, CeO₂, ZrO₂, V₂O₅, La₂O₃ and zeolites. Some of thematerials may be used as catalyst carriers, others are added to thewash-coat as promoters or stabilizers, still others exhibit catalyticactivity of their own. Durable washcoat materials are characterized byhigh specific surface area and thermal stability. The specific surfacearea is typically determined by nitrogen adsorption measurementtechnique in conjunction with mathematical modeling known as the BET(Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller) method. Other materials used in exhaustgas catalytic converters may also be used, for example as described onhttps://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8094 (last accessed Oct. 29,2020) andhttp://www.thecmmgroup.com/types-catalysts-catalytic-oxidation/(lastaccessed Oct. 29, 2020), the entirety of each which are incorporated byreference their entirety. The thickness of the wash-coat 70 on thescreen 68 can be varied based on the expected lifetime of the filter anddesired amount of catalytic conversion balanced against the decreaseexhaust flow as the wash-coat becomes thicker.

FIG. 14 shows a cross section of an alternative ball filter section 74,which may be for example an alternative or addition to ball filtersection 14. The outer housing 76 has been cut away to show the inside ofthe filter section 74 and the ball filter 77 therein. The ball filter,may be retained, for example, by screens 68, which may include, asdiscussed above a wash-coat 70 (FIG. 12). The ball filter 77, may be asingle layer or more than one layer or capsule containing a chemicalsubstance or bacteria. As shown in FIG. 14, the ball filter 77 includesa core 78 and an outer layer 80. The outer layer 80 has a thickness 82,which may be varied depending on the mechanical strength needs of aparticular ball filter 77 design and desired flow characteristics of theexhaust. For example, the thickness 82 may be between 0% and 100% theradius R of the ball filter 77. In one particular example, the thickness82 may be between about 10% and about 20%, or about 15% the radius R ofthe ball filter 77. The outer layer 80 has a surface 81 having aplurality of spherically shaped indentions 84 recessed into the outerlayer 80 having a radius and depth sufficient to create turbulent airflow filtering. Optionally the indentions 84 may include holes in theouter layer 80 containing screens 68 to allow greater permeability ofthe exhaust gases to core 78. The outer layer 80 may be formed of afiltering material that is permeable to exhaust gases, for example afoam (discussed below) or a foam-covered metal. The core 78 may beformed a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbent chemical, nitrogen fixingbacteria, or a foam (discussed below).

FIG. 15 shows a cross section of an alternative cone filter section 90,which may be for example an alternative or addition to cone filtersection 12. The outer housing 91 has been cut away to show the inside ofthe filter section 90. Similar to the above filter sections, cone filtersection 90 may include screens 68 and connection joints 26, which may bethreads 64, 66. Inside the outer housing 91, a conically shaped conefilter 92 is retained. The cone filter 92 may include one or more layersforming a filter stack 93 to create a gas permeable layer that allowsliquid to traverse the cone filter 92 in a single direction, e.g., intothe void 110 (discussed below), but not out of the void 110. As shown,the filter stack 93 includes an inner cone layer 94, an outer cone layer96, and a membrane layer 95 sandwiched therebetween. The inner conelayer 94 and outer cone layer 96 may be made of a semi permeablemembrane, foam, metal, ceramic, or foam-covered metal.

The inner and outer cone layer 94,96 may include a plurality of wholespaced at intervals throughout the cone filter to expose the membranelayer 95. The conically shaped cone filter 92 may include an upperfilter section 100 and a lower filter section 102. The upper filtersection 100 and the lower filter section 102 may have different angleswith respect to the center axis C. For example, the upper filter section100 may have an angle of θ and the lower filter section 102 may have anangle of co, where, in one example, θ is ≥to φ. The cone filter 92 comegenerally come to a point, but left open 98 to allow some exhaust gassesto bypass the filter stack 93 in order to allow for sufficient flowrates.

The filter stack 93 may be extended between the open 98 and the outerhousing 91 to form the cone filter base 104. The cone filter base 104,the upper section 100, the lower section 102, and the outer housing 91together form a void 110 in which exhaust gasses can pass through thefilter stack 93 at upper section 100 and lower section 102 into the void110 and then out of the cone filter base 104. While the void 110 isshown as two parts due to the cross-section view, it should beunderstood that the void 110 wraps around the cone filter 92. The void110 may be filled by a chemical & fluid-based mixture 114, which mayinclude an aqueous or non-aqueous solution containing a chemical orbiological absorbent 116. For example, the fluid-based mixture 114 mayinclude a combination of water, chemical substance, blue-green algae asthe biological absorbent 116 and air or other exhaust gases. Forexample, the fluid-based mixture 114 may also include sand, ammonia, andor dirt in order to act as a medium for biological absorbent 116.Additional chemical agents may also be included as need to avoidreaching freezing and boiling points, for example, latent heattechnology, propylene glycol, and/or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

The biological absorbent 116 may be, for example, a nitrogen-fixingbacteria, such as free living (non-symbiotic bacteria) such as bluegreen algae (cyanobacteria), anabaena, nostoc, and/or genera such asAzotobacter, Beijerinckia, or Clostridium. The biological absorbent 116aids in fixing/absorbing the nitrogen-based compounds such as nitrogenoxide (NoX), e.g., NO and NO₂. Additional biological absorbents 116 mayinclude the mutualistic (symbiotic) bacteria rhizobium-associated withleguminous plants, frankia, associated with certain dicotyledonousspecies (actinorhizal plants), and certain azospirillumspecies,associated with cereal grasses.

As exhaust gas passed into the upper section 100 of the cone filter 92,a portion of the exhaust gases pass through openings 97 and permeatethrough membrane layer 95 into the void 110. Membrane layer 95 can beany gas permeable/water vapor semi permeable membrane that allows liquidto travel primarily or only in a single direction. For example, themembrane available from SIGA tapes under the brand name Majrex (1 USPerm===57 ng/Pa·s·m2) or as described in US Pub 2015/0354205“Variable-Humidity Directional Vapour Barrier,” the entirety of which isincorporated herein by reference. See for example,http://gassystemscorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Membrane-Air-Separation.pdf(last Accessed 10/30/2020), the entirety of which is incorporated byreference herein The biological absorbents 116 absorb chemicals from theexhaust. Water from the exhaust is also retained by the biologicalabsorbents 116 in order to keep the biological absorbents 116 hydrated.Treated exhaust may exit through the cone filter base 104 and/or intothe lower section 102 of the cone filter 92 for exit from the conefilter section 90.

FIGS. 16 A & B shows a cross section of an alternative grid filtersection 115, which may be for example an alternative or addition to anyof the filter sections discussed herein. The outer housing 111 has beencut away to show the inside of the filter section. Similar to the abovefilter sections, grid filter section 115 may include wash-coats and orfiber entwined screens 68 (not shown for clarity) at either end of thegrid filter section 115 and connection joints 26, which may be threads64, 66. Grid filter section 115 may include a plurality of elongatedtubes 112 running the majority, or all, of the length L of the outerhousing 111. Each elongated tube 112 may be any shape, but are shown inthis example as being generally a quadrilateral, square, or rectangularin shape when viewed from either end. The elongated tubes 112 may bemade of a metal material, a foam, and or combination of both. Theelongate tubes 112 may include a wash-coat and or fiber entwined screen(excluding top screen/wash-coat) 114, as described above, coating theinside layer of one or more elongated tubes 112 for reacting withexhaust gases passing through the elongated tubes. The elongated tubes114 function to promote laminar flow of exhaust gases traveling throughthe grid filter section 115.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show an end view and cross section, respectively, of analternative double cone filter section 120, which may be for example analternative or addition to any of the filter sections discussed herein.The outer housing 121 has been cut away in FIG. 18 to show the inside ofthe double cone filter section 120. The double cone filter section 120includes one or more cone sets 124 each having an upper cone 123 and alower cone 125. Each upper cone 123 includes an upper cone wide upperend 126 and an upper cone narrow lower end 128 such that the upper conewide upper end 126 has a larger radius than the upper cone narrow lowerend 125. Each lower cone 125 includes a lower cone narrow upper end 132and a lower end wide lower end 130 such that the lower cone wide lowerend 130 has a larger radius than the lower cone narrow lower end 125. Inbetween the each of the upper cones 123 and lower cones 125 is awash-coat and or fiber entwined screen 68, which is similar to thosescreens discussed above, with or without the described wash-coat. Screen68 may be a single screen placed on the top 126, bottom 130 and betweenall of the upper cones 123 and lower cones 125 or smaller individualscreens placed inside the respective cone sets 124. Each of the conesets 124 may be formed of a foam, a metal, and/or a foam coated metal.The number of cone sets 124, and the comparative size of the cone sets124 to the outer housing 121 can be varied based on the comparative needfor filter effectiveness versus total throughput of exhaust gasses andback pressure. Similar to the above filter sections, double cone filtersection 120 may also include screens 68 at either end of the double conefilter section 120 and connection joints 26, which may be threads 64,66.

FIG. 19 shows alternative features of, filter cap 30, shown installed onexhaust tail pipe 50. As shown the filter cap 30 includes a sleeve 140for friction fitting (in addition to or lieu of a magnetic fit) on theexhaust tail pipe 50. The sleeve 140 may include a expansion slot 140 toallow for slight movement in the sleeve 140 to ensure a proper fit. Thesleeve 140 may also include a tapped boss 144 the mechanically receivinga securing fastener, for example, screw 146 that one inserted into thetapped boss 144 will press against the tail pipe 50 to prevent theinadvertent removal of the filter cap 30. FIG. 20 shows the same filtercap 30 of FIG. 19 without any filter section attached and detached fromthe tail pipe 50. FIG. 21 shows the same filter cap 30 of FIGS. 19 and20, but with an elongated sleeve 148 which may be used to provide astronger friction fit with exhaust tail pipe 50 (not shown).

All of the references to foam herein may be, for example, a porousfilter medium, for example any of those materials or structuresdescribed in US publication 2005/0241479 “Filter materials for absorbinghydrocarbons,” (the '479 publication) the entirety of which isincorporate by reference herein in its entirety. In addition, such foamsmay also include polymer networks of a foam, nonwoven or collection ofparticles, which in one example have a butane working capacity (W/W %)of 4.0 percent or higher as described in the '479 publication. The foamsdiscussed herein may be of sufficient thickness to promote reactivitywith the exhaust gases, but not so thick to promote clogging. In oneexample, the foams discussed here are between (inclusive) 0.5 mm-2 mmthick, and in another example, about 1 mm thick.

A routine maintenance interval for the filtering system may be thirty,sixty, or ninety days, determined by the relevant on or off-road engineincluding but not limited to automobile's, usage, weather, mileage, oilconsumption/maintenance, emissions levels and the filtering componentselection. Each filter section and component bay be replaceable with anew or refreshed component and custom designed to fit any/all exhaustsystems/tailpipes. The component selection may be super duty formula(commercial/industrial use only), heavy duty formula, mild duty formula,or light duty formula. The disclosed filter system 110 may support thefollowing type of catalytic reactions two-way oxidation, three-wayoxidation reduction, and diesels oxidation catalyst (DoC).

The different stages of the filtering process (formula applied) are alsodesigned to maximize the exhaust tail pipe air flow system,preventing/reducing blockage. In a worst-case scenario, if the filter isover used and needs changing, this will block the air flow, preventingthe vehicle from starting until changed/cleaned.

The filter may be made available in any shape and size and color, forall market applications with emission issues, including but not limitedto automotive, trucks, forklifts, mining equipment, electricalgenerators, locomotives, motorcycles, airplanes, and other engine-fitteddevices that release hydrocarbons, including those that run on naturalgas, propane, or wood, for example wood stoves, to control emissions. Inaddition, the various sizes of the components and filtering/catalyticcapabilities may be customized based on the size and throughput ofvarious exhaust systems. All filter parts are heatresistant/inflammable, and designed to filter out the emission toxinswhile increasing the air flow, and maximizing air pressure. For example,the filter materials, including any materials discussed herein as beingmade from metal, ceramic, or foam may also include ceramic monolith ormetallic foil monolith materials which have the advantage of low backpressure and reliability under constant high load. The filler forms mayinclude monolith, fluid-bed and particulate filler forms. Both aredesigned to provide high surface area to support the catalyst wash coat.Such materials may have particular advantages when used in the gridfilter section 115 and double cone filter section 120 in place or inaddition to the foam material. Other materials for the housings andfilter materials may include, for example copper, steel, stainlesssteel, chromium, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, cerium,platinum, gold, palladium, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicondioxide, or combination of silica and aluminum, cerium iron, nickel, andmanganese, either individually or in combination with each other inalloys or otherwise.

Additionally, other materials for the housings and filter materials mayinclude materials such as Foil, Iron, aluminum, Chromium, Steel,Titanium, Copper, Intumescent, Platinum (PT), Gold, Palladium (Pd),Rhodium (Rh), Ceramic, Cerium, Vanadium, Manganese, Nickel, Cabolt,Chromium, Clay, ammonia (Nh3), Aluminosilicate, Alumina (Al₂O₃),Zirconia, CEo2, Sio2, Titania (Tio2), Snot, CuO, Fe2o3, La2o3, MgO,Water, Blue Green Algae, Heptane & Toluene-Hydrocarbons (HC), PhasedChange Materials (PCM) such as stone-cast iron & aluminum, Dry Ice,petrogels, hydrogels, polymer absorbent/polyolefin based hydrophobicabsorbents, Alaska Crude Oil (ANS), Tantalum Carbide (TaC), HafniumCarbide (HfC), hafnium Carbide, Hydrogen (H2o), Carbonic Acid/Dry Ice(H2Co3), montmorillonite, zeolites, carbon based materials, SilicaFabric, Fiberglass, Plexiglass. WHIPDX: The oxide CMC WHIPDX (WoundHighly Porous Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite) has been developed at theInstitute of Materials Research. WHIPDX consists of continuous oxidefibers which are embedded in a porous oxide matrix. Compared tonon-oxide materials WHIPDX-type CMC exhibits excellent durability inoxidizing atmospheres. Components are manufactured by a relativelysimple, cost-efficient filament winding process. Oxide-based ceramicmatrix composites (CMC) are developed at the Institute of MaterialsResearch and meet these requirements. Outstanding properties ofoxide-based CMC include: high resistance against thermal load andthermal cycling, damage tolerance and non-brittle fracture behavior,full resistance against oxidation and good resistance in many corrosiveenvironments, low specific weight and heat capacity, transparency forelectromagnetic waves, and electrical insulation.

Filter materials for reduction of CO2 may also include absorbent agentsapplied within a filter to assist in the elimination of Carbon and CO2,including, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, andlithium hydroxide.

Further the disclosed components, may include intumescentcoating/insulant & thermal and/or environmental barrier coatings (E/TBC)to helps avoid metal sticking/welding of filter and filter componentsand to provide protection from hot corrosion, chemical degradation fromhot water vapor, and thermal overload. Fiber-reinforced ceramiccomposites may also be utilized for disclosed components, which oftenexhibit a pronounced porosity and permeability. Their fabrication alsoproduces irregular structures, i.e., rough surface structures than canbe advantageous to the overall filtering effect. Protection can also beapplied to the threads of filters, around the top and bottom (or entire)surface area of filters where they make contact, the internal contactpoints of cap & sleeve.

The Appendix includes additional information, which is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety.

1-13. (canceled)
 14. An emissions exhaust filtering system for anexhaust pipe for an on or off-road engine comprising: a plurality offilter sections (sectionals), wherein the plurality of filter sectionsincludes at least one of a ball filter section, a cone filter section, agrid filter section, and a double cone filter section; and a filter cap.15. The filtering system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of filtersections are interchangeable (re-arrangeable).
 16. The filtering systemof claim 15, wherein the plurality of filter sections comprise opposingthreads.
 17. The filtering system of claim 14, wherein at least one ofthe plurality of filter sections comprises a screen.
 18. The filteringsystem of claim 17, wherein the screen comprises a wash-coat adapted toreact to one or more exhaust vapors.
 19. The filtering system of claim14, wherein the plurality of filter sections comprises the ball filtersection and the ball filter section includes a ball filter, wherein theball filter includes a core and an outer layer.
 20. The filtering systemof claim 19, wherein the outer layer comprises a surface having aplurality of spherically shaped indentions recessed into the outerlayer.
 21. The filtering system of claim 14, wherein the plurality offilter sections comprises the cone filter section and the cone filtersection includes a cone filter, wherein the cone filter includes afilter stack comprising one or more layers to form a gas permeable layerthat allows liquid to traverse the cone filter 92 in a single direction.22. The filtering system of claim 21, wherein the filter stack comprisesan inner cone layer, an outer cone layer, and a membrane therebetween.23. The filtering system of claim 22, wherein at least one of the innercone layer and the outer cone layer includes a plurality of openings toexpose the membrane
 24. The filtering system of claim 21, wherein thecone filter section includes a cone filter section outer housing, andthe cone filter section outer housing and the cone filter define a voidtherebetween, and the void includes a chemical & fluid-based mixturecontaining a biological absorbent.
 25. The filtering system of claim 24,wherein the biological absorbent is at least one an algae and/or anitrogen-fixing bacteria.
 26. The filtering system of claim 21, whereinthe cone filter includes an upper filter section and a lower filtersection and the upper filter section and the lower filter section havedifferent angles with respect to a center axis of the cone filter. 27.The filtering system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of filtersections comprises the grid filter section and the grid filter sectionincludes a plurality of elongated tubes.
 28. The filtering system ofclaim 27, wherein the elongated tubes have a cross sectional shape of aquadrilateral, a square, or a rectangle.
 29. The filtering system ofclaim 27, wherein one or more of the elongated tubes include a wash-coaton an inside of the one or more elongated tubes.
 30. The filteringsystem of claim 14, wherein the plurality of filter sections comprisesthe double cone filter section and the double cone filter sectionincludes at least one cone set each having an upper cone and a lowercone, each upper cone including an upper cone wide upper end and anupper cone narrow lower end such that the upper cone wide upper end hasa larger radius than the upper cone narrow lower end, each lower coneincluding a lower cone narrow upper end and a lower end wide lower endsuch that the lower cone wide lower end has a larger radius than thelower cone narrow lower end.
 31. The filtering system of claim 30,wherein the double cone filter section further comprises a screenbetween the upper cone and the lower cone.
 32. The filtering system ofclaim 31, wherein the screen comprises a wash-coat.
 33. The filteringsystem of claim 30, wherein the double cone filter section comprises aplurality of cone sets.